Criteria for optimum spacing of spaced antenna, part 3.2A

There are many factors affecting the spaced antenna drift results, only one of which is antenna spacing. Generally, good results are obtained at MF for receiver antenna spacings of 1-1.5 lambda, and at VHF (e.g., SOUSY) for spacings approx. 6 lambda. Since one of the factors, local atmospheric/ionospheric conditions, are difficult to predict, this paper will be restricted to a short discussion of relevant factors, and methods for comparing various antenna/analysis configurations

Problems and solutions in analyzing partial-reflection drift data by correlation techniques

Solutions in analyzing partial reflection drift data by correlation techniques are discussed. The problem of analyzing spaced antenna drift data breaks down into the general categories of raw data collection and storage, correlation calculation, interpretation of correlations, location of time lags for peak correlation, and velocity calculation

Determination of horizontal and vertical wavelengths of gravity waves in the mesosphere by spaced wind measurements

The reduction of spaced wind measurements taken over a range of heights is described. The equipment used is a medium frequency radar with one site consisting of a vertically pointing transmitter and space receiving antennas, and two remote receiving sites with spaced antennas. Assuming approximately horizontally stratified scatterers, horizontal winds are thus available at the corners of a triangle of side approx. 20 km in the GRAVNET system

Progress in the MF radar system at Saskatoon

Two improvements were made to the radar system in the last year, one was the addition of O/X mode capability to the full antenna array used in the real-time wind system, and the other was the development of a coherent receiver. The design of the transmitter antenna is examined. The proposed coherent real-time wind system is also discussed

Horizontal wind perturbations and their relation to transient internal gravity waves

Horizontal winds as measured with the Saskatoon MF radar exhibit wind fluctuations which have preferred directions toward north or south in the period range 0 to 60 min at heights between about 60 and 110 km. Longer period perturbations (approx 1-6 h) tend to have an additional maximum of direction frequencies in the E-W sector.The polarization effect analyzed for more than 6 years shows regular changes with season. The main features of the seasonal variations of the direction distributions can be explained by directional filtering of vertically propagating nonstationary gravity waves and appropriate changes of the wave source strength and position in the troposphere. The N-S polarization of the gravity-wave field appears to result in meridional wind reversals with height above the mesopause

Comparison of medium frequency pulsed radar interferometer and correlation analysis winds, part 2

In order to test whether the chosen Doppler peaks represent localized scatters in motion, as opposed to some sort of integrated composite, an attempt was made to determine the change in position of single scatterers over a series of sequential records. A four-antenna system was employed which had 1 degree of freedom in phase. Due to limitations N-S linear transmission and E-W linear reception were used. The Doppler frequency peak selection criteria were that at least two of the four power spectra should have a local peak, and that normalized phase discrepancy, should be less than 0.3. The lack of success in tracking individual scatters seems to suggest a short lifetime. If this is the case, then the present experiment is not able to resolve the difference found between the correlation analysis true velocity and the interferometer value. On the other hand, it appears that the interferometer may be of some use in tracking waves

Measurement of the horizontal velocity of wind perturbations in the middle atmosphere by spaced MF radar systems

Two remote receiving sites have been set up at a distance of approx 40 km from the main MF radar system. This allows measurement of upper atmosphere winds from 60-120 km (3 km resolution) at the corners of an approximately equilateral triangle of side approx 20 km. Some preliminary data are compared through cross correlation and cross spectral analysis in an attempt to determine the horizontal velocity of wind perturbations and/or the horizontal wavelength and phase velocity of gravity waves

Finding a Path is Harder than Finding a Tree

I consider the problem of learning an optimal path graphical model from data and show the problem to be NP-hard for the maximum likelihood and minimum description length approaches and a Bayesian approach. This hardness result holds despite the fact that the problem is a restriction of the polynomially solvable problem of finding the optimal tree graphical model

A threshold caloric test- results in normal subjects

Threshold caloric test on normal subjects - responses to hot and cold caloric stimulatio

Winds and Waves (4 Min - 11 Yrs) in the Upper Middle Atmosphere (60-110 Km) at Saskatoon, Canada (52 Deg N, 107 Deg W): MF Radar (2.2 Mhz) Soundings 1973 - 1983

Examples of gravity waves (GW), tides, planetary waves (PW), and circulation effects in the upper middle atmosphere are presented. Energy densities of GW, tides, and PW are compared. Fourier and spectral analyses are applied to the data